Data Processing &Types Of Data Processing;

Data Processing

1.General: Operations performed on a given set of data to extract the required information in an appropriate form such as diagrams, reports, or tables. See also electronic data processing.
  

2.Computing: Manipulation of input data with an application program to obtain desired output as an audio/video, graphic, numeric, or text data file.

Types  Of Data Processing;

 

 1.Batch Processing;

 2.Online Processing;

3.Time sharing

4.Real time Processing;

5.Multi processing

6.Multi programming

    

1.Batch Processing;

Jobs are set up so they can be run to completion without human interaction. All input parameters are predefined through scripts, command-line arguments, control files, or job control language. This is in contrast to "online" or interactive programs which prompt the user for such input. A program takes a set of data files as input, processes the data, and produces a set of output data files. This operating environment is termed as "batch processing" because the input data are collected into batches or sets of records and each batch is processed as a unit. The output is another batch that can be reused for computation.

 

 2.Online Processing;

A method of using a terminal remote from a company mainframe or an interface to the Internet like an e-commerce website for taking product orders and dealing with payments. The online processing of orders offers considerable savings and greater overall efficiency for most business sales operations, although system down time can be costly in terms of lost sales

3. Time-sharing 

It is the sharing of a computing resource among many users by means of multiprogramming and multi-tasking.By allowing a large number of users to interact concurrently with a single computer, time-sharing dramatically lowered the cost of providing computing capability, made it possible for individuals and organizations to use a computer without owning one, and promoted the interactive use of computers and the development of new interactive applications. Processor's time which is shared among multiple users simultaneously is termed as time-sharing

 

4.Real time Processing

The continuous and automatic processing of data as it occurs in order to generate systematic output used to analyze system functions and ongoing procedures. Real time processing is critical to maintain proper functionality of automated or continuously operated systems such as assembly line robots and radar systems.

 

5.Multi processing;

 Multiprocessing is an architecture that has more than one CPU in a single system, along with the hardware and software to schedule jobs to run on each of them.Multiprocessing is the management of processes in a multiprocessor system, that is, a computer that can run independent programs simultaneously because it has more than one processing core.Multiprocessing can be done with batch-driven or interactive work schedules, and batch processing can be used on single-processor or multiprocessor systems, the two are independent concepts. Computers with very large numbers of processors do tend to run batch schedulers, though, because the cost of having one makes it more important to keep it fully occupied than to make it highly responsive.

6.Multi programming

In a multiprogramming system there are one or more programs loaded in main memory which are ready to execute. Only one program at a time is able to get the CPU for executing its instructions (i.e., there is at most one process running on the system) while all the others are waiting their turn.The main idea of multiprogramming is to maximize the use of CPU time. . Therefore, the ultimate goal of multiprogramming is to keep the CPU busy as long as there are processes ready to execute.